- Producing window glasses that require less maintenance
- Creating floors that are scratch proof
- Strengthening structural materials
- Manufacturing house paint that will last longer
- Producing building materials that are corrosion and UV resistant
- Improving thermal performance of materials
- Making self-cleaning buildings possible
- Constructing infrastructure such as roads and bridges that will last longer
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are two well-known nanoparticles that are used in construction material. TiO2, which is used on almost everything from concrete to glass, is known for its ability to sever dirt and then allow it to be washed off by rain water. CNTs are used to toughen and monitor structural materials.
Nanotechnology in construction is today helping companies to offer add-ons to product surfaces, such as stain resistance, color durability, self-cleaning properties, and scratch resistance. Nanotechnology in construction is also being used to enhance thermal performance. Thermal products like aerogels (lightweight solids made from silica and carbon) are benefiting from nanotechnology.
Research Continues
Since construction tends to be a less research-oriented area, the use of nanotechnology is restricted in this field. However, the construction industry will directly or indirectly benefit from advances in other fields. For example, CNTs are being researched in the fields of computing and aerospace, among others; any breakthroughs are likely to benefit the construction area. The construction industry requires much more funding for research in the field of nanotechnology.
Hazards Associated with Nanotechnology in Construction
Along with the enthusiasm about nanotechnology come worries as to health and environmental risks. Nanoparticles have a large surface-area-to-mass ratio, which makes them effective in chemical reactions; however, this can increase the level of exposure to humans and prove toxic.
Though useful in medication, nanotechnology in construction materials (if not used properly) can pose a threat, such as particles migrating through the body. Some studies show that inhalation of nanoparticles may create respiratory problems. Even disposal of waste material treated with nanotechnology may produce unwanted hazards — burning, biodegradation, and exposure to water may create harmful chemical reactions.
Since these hazards have not yet seen any particular casualty, there is no significant regulation in the area. The greater fear in the field of nanoscience is that misinformation and misunderstanding will lead to reluctance to use nano-based products.
Conclusion
Although the cost and relatively small number of applications of nanotechnology in construction have not allowed the sector to blossom, the future looks fairly bright. The use of nanotechnology in construction allows material manufacturers to offer longer product warranties. Consumers can expect lower maintenance costs and can look forward to houses that maintain themselves.
